mercoledì 14 novembre 2007

DISLESSIA - COME GATTONA TUO FIGLIO?

Di Dislessia si può guarire in qualche mese con un metodo appropriato: tutto dipende dal tempestivo intervento dell'insegnante e del genitore.

Poco alla volta Umberto, che ormai ha raggiunto i quindici anni, riesce a superare quasi del tutto la dislessia, a scrivere con fluidità, a leggere.
Ugo Pirro Mio figlio non sa leggere, Biblioteca Universale Rizzoli, MILANO 1984


IL METODO DI LETTURA VERTICALE


Dalle ricerche di Stanley (1975) risulta che ... il processo di trasferimento dell'informazione dalla memoria sensoriale visiva alla memoria a breve termine ha, per i bambini dislessici, una durata temporale più lunga della norma. Come abbiamo visto ciò provoca delle interferenze nel compito di lettura, in quanto nel momento in cui il dislessico legge una nuova lettera è ancora impegnato nel codificare quella percepita precedentemente. La lettura verticale elimina questo inconveniente, in quanto permette la codificazione delle lettere in modo da ovviare al sovraccarico che si viene a creare nella memoria...

Il metodo di lettura verticale, conosciuto da diversi anni in Romania, è stato utilizzato finora per il trattamento dei pazienti afasici. Si deve a Drevillon (1977) l'idea di servirsi di tale tecnica per il recupero delle turbe gravi della lettura...

Esso è molto semplice e si basa sulla presentazione vertica­le delle parole e delle frasi da leggere. Lo spazio di lettura appare quindi strutturato non più da sinistra verso destra, ma dall'alto verso il basso....

Il vantaggio dovuto all'applicazione del metodo di lettura ver­ticale è che il bambino impara realmente a leggere e non ad ese­guire un esercizio particolare. Ciò è possibile perché con la lettura verticale si affronta alla radice il problema. ...

Seguendo una progressione stabilita, al bambino vengono presentati dei nomi e poi delle frasi che si fanno gradatamente più complesse.

Sono sufficienti 10-15 minuti di esercizio quotidiano per vedere in tempi brevi dei buoni risultati. Il tempo massimo di rieducazione è di circa 3 mesi....

Esiste in realtà una duplice progressione in quanto c'è il passaggio da caratteri grafici relativamente grandi a caratteri via via più piccoli, fino a raggiungere la dimensione di quelli che normalmente si riscontrano nei libri e il passaggio da caratteri in stampatello a quelli in corsivo...

Quando il bambino appare sicuro nella lettu­ra verticale si può iniziare il passaggio alla lettura normale strutturata da sinistra verso destra. Diversamente da come si potrebbe supporre, il passaggio sarà facile, tanto più se il bambino avrà acquisito un ritmo di lettura verticale veloce.

Il metodo di lettura verticale non verrà a questo punto abbandonato del tutto e improvvisamente. Ogni volta che il bambino incontrerà una parola per lui difficile da "decifrare”, essa gli verrà presentata scritta verticalmente.

F.La Spisa - G.Sartori - Lettura e dislessia: teoria e metodi di rieducazione del bambino dislessico - Codex Editrice, 1979, Treviso


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